Smart Traffic light control system

Introduction

Traffic congestion and the efficient management of traffic flow are critical issues in modern urban areas. The implementation of smart traffic light control systems can significantly alleviate these problems by optimizing traffic signal timings based on real-time conditions. This project aims to develop a smart traffic light control system that can operate both automatically and manually, using a NodeMCU microcontroller. The system uses multiple switches to toggle between automatic and manual modes, allowing for flexibility in traffic management.

Objectives

Develop a Functional Traffic Light System: To create a traffic light system that can control traffic lights at three intersections.
Implement Dual Mode Operation: To enable the system to switch between automatic and manual modes using external switches.
Optimize Traffic Flow: To reduce traffic congestion by optimizing signal timings in automatic mode.
Provide Manual Override: To allow for manual control of traffic lights during special situations or emergencies.

Problem Statement

Conventional traffic light systems operate on fixed timings, regardless of real-time traffic conditions. This often leads to inefficient traffic flow, increased congestion, and longer wait times for vehicles. There is a need for a smart traffic light control system that can adapt to real-time traffic conditions and provide the flexibility of manual control when necessary.

Project Methodology

1. Component Selection and Procurement

NodeMCU (ESP8266): The core microcontroller for controlling the system.
LEDs: Representing red, yellow, and green traffic lights for three intersections.
Switches: For toggling between automatic and manual modes.
Resistors: For current limiting to protect the LEDs.

2. System Design

Circuit Design: Connecting the NodeMCU with LEDs and switches. Ensuring correct pin configurations for input and output operations.
Mode Selection Logic: Implementing logic to toggle between automatic and manual modes based on switch inputs.

Circuit Diagram

3. Software Development

Programming: Writing code to control the traffic light sequences in automatic mode and allowing manual override via switches.
Testing and Debugging: Ensuring the code works correctly and the transitions between light states are smooth.

The app can be available in playstore which is Blynk IOT

Code

#include <Servo.h> // Include Servo library

int switchauto = 22; // Define pin for automatic mode switch

int switch1 = 24; // Define pin for manual path1 switch

int switch2 = 26; // Define pin for manual path2 switch

int switch3 = 28; // Define pin for manual path3 switch

int switchautod; // Variable to store automatic mode switch state

int switch1d; // Variable to store manual path1 switch state

int switch2d; // Variable to store manual path2 switch state

int switch3d; // Variable to store manual path3 switch state

int r1 = 8; // Red light for path1

int y1 = 9; // Yellow light for path1

int g1 = 10; // Green light for path1

int r2 = 11; // Red light for path2

int y2 = 12; // Yellow light for path2

int g2 = 13; // Green light for path2

int r3 = 23; // Red light for path3

int y3 = 25; // Yellow light for path3

int g3 = 27; // Green light for path3

void setup()

{

Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communication at 9600 baud rate

// Set pin modes for switches

pinMode(switchauto, INPUT);

pinMode(switch1, INPUT);

pinMode(switch2, INPUT);

pinMode(switch3, INPUT);

// Set pin modes for traffic lights

pinMode(r1, OUTPUT);

pinMode(y1, OUTPUT);

pinMode(g1, OUTPUT);

pinMode(r2, OUTPUT);

pinMode(y2, OUTPUT);

pinMode(g2, OUTPUT);

pinMode(r3, OUTPUT);

pinMode(y3, OUTPUT);

pinMode(g3, OUTPUT);

// Initialize all lights to HIGH (off)

digitalWrite(r1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(y1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(g1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(r2, HIGH);

digitalWrite(y2, HIGH);

digitalWrite(g2, HIGH);

digitalWrite(r3, HIGH);

digitalWrite(y3, HIGH);

digitalWrite(g3, HIGH);

}

void loop()

{

// Read switch states

switchautod = digitalRead(switchauto);

switch1d = digitalRead(switch1);

switch2d = digitalRead(switch2);

switch3d = digitalRead(switch3);

// Automatic mode

if(switchautod == HIGH && switch1d == LOW && switch2d == LOW && switch3d == LOW)

{

autoo();

}

// Manual path1

else if(switchautod == LOW && switch1d == HIGH && switch2d == LOW && switch3d == LOW)

{

path1();

}

// Manual path2

else if(switchautod == LOW && switch1d == LOW && switch2d == HIGH && switch3d == LOW)

{

path2();

}

// Manual path3

else if(switchautod == LOW && switch1d == LOW && switch2d == LOW && switch3d == HIGH)

{

path3();

}

// Function for automatic traffic light control

void autoo()

{

// First cycle

digitalWrite(r1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(y1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(g1, LOW);

digitalWrite(r2, LOW);

digitalWrite(y2, HIGH);

digitalWrite(g2, HIGH);

digitalWrite(r3, LOW);

digitalWrite(y3, HIGH);

digitalWrite(g3, HIGH);

delay(7000);

digitalWrite(r1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(y1, LOW);

digitalWrite(g1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(r2, HIGH);

digitalWrite(y2, LOW);

digitalWrite(g2, HIGH);

digitalWrite(r3, LOW);

digitalWrite(y3, HIGH);

digitalWrite(g3, HIGH);

delay(3000);

// Second cycle

digitalWrite(r1, LOW);

digitalWrite(y1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(g1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(r2, HIGH);

digitalWrite(y2, HIGH);

digitalWrite(g2, LOW);

digitalWrite(r3, LOW);

digitalWrite(y3, HIGH);

digitalWrite(g3, HIGH);

delay(7000);

digitalWrite(r1, LOW);

digitalWrite(y1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(g1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(r2, HIGH);

digitalWrite(y2, LOW);

digitalWrite(g2, HIGH);

digitalWrite(r3, HIGH);

digitalWrite(y3, LOW);

digitalWrite(g3, HIGH);

delay(3000);

// Third cycle

digitalWrite(r1, LOW);

digitalWrite(y1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(g1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(r2, LOW);

digitalWrite(y2, HIGH);

digitalWrite(g2, HIGH);

digitalWrite(r3, HIGH);

digitalWrite(y3, HIGH);

digitalWrite(g3, LOW);

delay(7000);

digitalWrite(r1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(y1, LOW);

digitalWrite(g1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(r2, LOW);

digitalWrite(y2, HIGH);

digitalWrite(g2, HIGH);

digitalWrite(r3, HIGH);

digitalWrite(y3, LOW);

digitalWrite(g3, HIGH);

delay(3000);

}

// Function for manual path1 control

void path1()

{

digitalWrite(r1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(y1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(g1, LOW);

digitalWrite(r2, LOW);

digitalWrite(y2, HIGH);

digitalWrite(g2, HIGH);

digitalWrite(r3, LOW);

digitalWrite(y3, HIGH);

digitalWrite(g3, HIGH);

}

// Function for manual path2 control

void path2()

{

digitalWrite(r1, LOW);

digitalWrite(y1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(g1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(r2, HIGH);

digitalWrite(y2, HIGH);

digitalWrite(g2, LOW);

digitalWrite(r3, LOW);

digitalWrite(y3, HIGH);

digitalWrite(g3, HIGH);

}

// Function for manual path3 control

void path3()

{

digitalWrite(r1, LOW);

digitalWrite(y1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(g1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(r2, LOW);

digitalWrite(y2, HIGH);

digitalWrite(g2, HIGH);

digitalWrite(r3, HIGH);

digitalWrite(y3, HIGH);

digitalWrite(g3, LOW);

}

4. Prototyping and Testing

Breadboard Assembly: Assembling the components on a breadboard for initial testing.
Simulation: Simulating traffic conditions and testing the system in both automatic and manual modes.
Adjustments: Making necessary adjustments based on test results to ensure reliable performance.

5. Deployment

Installation: Setting up the system in a real-world environment.
Monitoring and Adjustment: Monitoring the system's performance and making further adjustments if needed.

Application

The smart traffic light control system has various applications, including:

Urban Traffic Management: Improving traffic flow and reducing congestion in cities.
Emergency Situations: Allowing manual override for emergency vehicles or during special events.
Construction Zones: Managing traffic in areas with temporary road work.
Educational Purposes: Demonstrating the principles of IoT and smart traffic systems in educational institutions.

Conclusion

This project successfully demonstrates the potential of IoT-based solutions in improving traffic management. By integrating automatic and manual control modes, the smart traffic light system enhances the flexibility and efficiency of traffic control. The successful implementation of this system highlights the benefits of smart technology in urban planning and traffic management, offering a scalable solution to reduce congestion and improve road safety.

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